Japan May Add Language Test for Permanent Residency — What You Need to Know

If you’re planning to settle in Japan for the long run, there might soon be a new hurdle on your journey: a Japanese language test.

The government is reportedly considering making Japanese proficiency and cultural understanding mandatory for people applying for permanent residency (PR). The change, part of broader immigration policy reforms led by Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, could come as soon as January 2026.

A Person studying for JLPT exams

Why Japan Is Considering This

Japan is home to nearly 4 million foreign residents, the highest number in its history — up 5% from last year. About 930,000 of them hold permanent residency.

While that’s still less than 1% of Japan’s total population, the growing visibility of foreign communities and rising foreign property ownership have stirred public debate about what “integration” means.

Some politicians argue that permanent residency should show a deeper level of commitment — not just years in the country, but also the ability to live independently in Japanese society.

What Could Change

The proposed plan adds two new layers to the PR process:

1. Japanese Language Proficiency

Applicants may soon need to prove their Japanese language skills, likely through the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT).

Although the government hasn’t confirmed the level, JLPT N2 is widely expected to become the standard — it reflects the ability to handle daily life, workplace conversations, and official paperwork.

2. Cultural and Etiquette Courses

Beyond language, the government might also require a short course on Japanese culture, manners, and civic life.

This could cover topics like:

• Workplace customs

• How to use Japan’s healthcare and disaster systems

• City hall procedures and taxes

Applicants might need to complete a set number of course hours before their PR is approved.

Why Now?

These updates are part of a larger immigration review that also includes a tougher path to Japanese citizenship — increasing the residence requirement from five to ten years, in principle.

In 2024 alone, Japan processed over 12,000 citizenship applications, approving around 70%. Officials now want to ensure that permanent residents and citizens alike can actively participate in Japanese society, not live on its margins.

Who Might Be Most Affected

While many foreign residents already speak conversational Japanese, not everyone does. The change could hit certain groups harder, including:

• Spouses of Japanese nationals who speak little Japanese

• Long-term residents who rely on friends or partners for translation

• Dependents with minimal interaction outside their community

It’s common to meet foreigners who have lived in Japan for years but still struggle with everyday tasks like hospital visits or government paperwork. The new rules aim to reduce that dependency and promote more independent, confident participation in daily life.

Global Context

Japan’s move wouldn’t be unusual — many countries, including Germany, the UK, and France, already require language proficiency for permanent residency.

Given that Japan ranks 96th worldwide in English proficiency, the government argues that learning Japanese is essential for communication, safety, and community integration.

The Bigger Picture

These updates fit into a broader shift in Japan’s immigration philosophy. It’s not just about controlling numbers — it’s about building social cohesion.

For many policymakers, permanent residency shouldn’t be just a long-term visa, but a sign of active belonging. Being able to communicate in the local language is a key part of that.

Key Takeaways

• Japan plans to add a Japanese language requirement for permanent residency.

• JLPT N2 is expected to be the standard.

• A culture and manners course may also become mandatory.

• The policy is part of larger immigration and citizenship reforms.

• Non–Japanese speakers who rely on others for communication may find it most challenging.

What You Can Do Now

If you’re hoping to settle in Japan, this is the perfect time to start preparing. Taking Japanese classes, enrolling in community courses, or aiming for JLPT certification could soon make a big difference — not just for PR approval, but for everyday confidence.

Staying informed now will help you glide smoothly through the next chapter of Japan’s immigration landscape. What do you think about these new policies? If you’re planning to stay in Japan long-term, will you start studying Japanese?